Consonants

 
Consonants include the sounds we represent as in the ordinary alphabet. All consonants are prduced by entirely or almost entirely stopping the airstream coming for the lungs. When we almost entirely stop the air stream we force it through such a narrow opening that the airflow at that point is turbulent and noisy.
We clasify consonants according to the following characteristics:
a) whether or not the vocal folds are vibrating (voicing);
b) whether the sound is made with a fully stopped or merely constricted airstream (its manner of articulation);
c) where in the mouth the stoppage or constriction is made (its place of articulation);
d) whether or not air is flowing through the nasal cavity (nasality); and
e) whether or not the lips are pursed (lip-rounding).
 
Consonant chart
 

 

Labial

Labiodental

Dental

Alveolar

Palatal

Velar

Glottal

Stops

Voiceless

Voiced

 

/p/

/b/

 

 

 

/t/

/d/

 

 

/k/

/g/

 

/?/

Fricatives

Voiceless

Voiced

 

 

/f/

/v/

 

/θ/

/ð/

 

/s/

/z/

 

/ʃ/

/ʒ/

 

 

/h/

Africatives

Voiceless

Voiced

 

 

 

 

/ʧ/

/ʤ/

 

 

 

Nasals

/m/

 

 

/n/

 

/ŋ/

 

Liquids

 

 

 

/l/

/r/

 

 

Glides

/w/

 

 

 

/j/

 

 
 
 

Symbols and ASCII

/θ/        alt + 0B8          /ð/        alt + 00F0

/ʧ/        alt + 02A7         /ʤ/       alt + 02A4

/ʃ/         alt + 0283         /ʒ/        alt + 0292

/ŋ/        alt + 014B

 

For further pronunciation, I recommend the next website:

 

https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/pron/sounds/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUFHwmKfDTc